An Idea of Openness

Revision of Iranian pharmacy education, an idea or a necessity?

Human resources development in society or organization is a necessity to secure progress. Without such development societies or organizations fail to achieve their objectives. Human resources development is a three-stage measure to meet the requirements of each society or organization. These three stages are: a) planning and programming: at this stage qualitative and quantitative needs are dete...

Revision of Iranian pharmacy education, an idea or a necessity?

Human resources development in society or organization is a necessity to secure progress. Without such development societies or organizations fail to achieve their objectives. Human resources development is a three-stage measure to meet the requirements of each society or organization. These three stages are: a) planning and programming: at this stage qualitative and quantitative needs are dete...

An Introduction to Idea Management

Idea: Towards an Inverted Cloud

In this paper we propose the concept of an inverted cloud infrastructure. The traditional view of a cloud is turned upside down: instead of having services or infrastructure offered by a single provider, the same can be achieved by an aggregation of a multitude of mini providers. Even though the contribution of an individual mini provider in an inverted cloud can be limited, the combination wou...

Openness and Growth: An International Perspective

International openness via the pursuit of liberal trade and investment policies has become one of the conventional verities of the policy advice handed out by multilateral institutions over the past two decades. Greater international integration is now widely regarded as a pre-requisite for improved economic performance and higher per capita incomes, with the former intellectual consensus that ...